The key traits to strong organizational cultures Essay

The key attributes to solid authoritative societies - Essay Example gement consistently affects the corporate culture, and their impact is being corresponding to the level they are in the progression (Cameron, Kim and Quinn, n.p). Furthermore, the directors control the hierarchical culture changing among the administrators because of their diverse degree of preparing and authority style. The style where various administrators handle representatives additionally influences the working environment culture. In certain associations, the administration allows the representatives to settle on own choices just as letting them partake in system making. This makes an association to be results-situated, worker commitment and viable dynamic, key characteristics of a solid authoritative culture. Such hierarchical culture permits workers to be near the administration and empowers a drawn out relationship with the association. The administration style and the executives style must regard the laborers to avoid the way of life of them working for cash as it were. Moreover, the hierarchical culture is additionally influenced by singular working with the association. Workers have an extraordinary manner by which they impact the way of life of an organization. The parts of the representatives that influence the way of life incorporate their perspectives, interests, discernments, mindsets and their procedure of reasoning. For example, associations that recruit people from resistance foundation will in general work in an exacting society where all the representatives follow set approaches. Occurrences of delay to work seldom occur in such associations. The employees’ outlook makes the way of life of the work environment. The authors and the proprietors of an association include the rundown of significant components that impact hierarchical culture. Generally, the authors of an association build up its way of thinking just as setting up the center major qualities (Schein, n.p). Also, the association proprietors can apply impressive impact from more points of view of the class of the proprietor. The impact of proprietors turns out to be significantly progressively significant

The british invasion: musical movement of 1960s

The point of convergence of the paper is to break down and assess the British Invasion or the melodic development of the mid-1960s made out of British awesome (â€Å"beat†) bunches whose prominence spread quickly all through England and the United States. For the reason it is imperative to comprehend the socio political balance of the time. This is on the grounds that the fundamental factors in this development are prevalently three overlap. The first is changing social example after the Great War. The second significant factor is the part of social contacts and third viewpoint is the changing essence of market and economy in UK and US.It could be referenced in the underlying stages that it was degeneration time. Government had taken its tolls on the world, which was flame broiling on the last flames of the Second World War. The misfortunes were excessively substantial, and the stuns, practically terrible. Individuals just survived a trial of the degree sorted out pitilessness and intentional savagery could reach. Most definitely, the underlying tremors of what might prompt a huge cross over the globe were being felt †the make that broke it laugh hysterically into three particularly various universes, the principal, the second and the third.In this setting it is applicable to specify that the age was not finding their reality worth while or at the end of the day they needed increasingly out of their life. This additional piece was looked all over and at each part of life and music was the same. The Beat development resulted in these present circumstances need of great importance with many new faces sprouting with melodic gifts and a totally different class of music called the stone ‘n’ roll. (Prawer, 221-5)It was recovery time. Ideological clashes and military interests were shaking development straight up to its establishments. The questions, quandaries and disarrays were step by step, gradually to be sure, offering path to another and remarkable social transformation. It was going on the whole way across the United Kingdom and the United States. Individuals out of nowhere appeared to understand that there was sufficient of political fighting to disrespect mankind. The overall gauges out of nowhere appeared to be good for nothing, and the guerilla young people needed something else to happen.United Kingdom and its Beat Movement was no exemption to this development. Indeed, it was one of its centers. The nearness of an enormous number of African-Americans in the city was pushing it ahead to start the Civil Rights Movement. Something that had laid its underlying foundations in the human psyche over a couple of centuries, politically-sanctioned racial segregation that is, was step by step being removed by the new influx of what began being known as the stone ‘n’ roll movement.â The current melodic patterns, blues and nation, didn't do the trick in communicating the fights and complaints of the new age , which began taking a gander at itself as a survivor of political connivances. (Powell, 49-53)It could be expressed that the point of convergence of this paper is understanding that what happened in United Kingdom during the time of 1960s that was instrumental in giving the introduction of jammin. This was profoundly impacted by the nearness of the newly relocated African American populace in United Kingdom and affected the melodic improvement by a colossal edge with melodic structures that consolidated jazz coinciding with nation music.But the essential foundation of this development began a lot before and it is pertinent to make reference to that the dark network contributed gigantically to this development. African American history and the setting for this situation is the incredible relocation during the mid 1900s. While investigating the issue it would primary be able to be referenced that movement is a subject that is concentrated on all levels when managing humankind and its quirks. So as to comprehend movement we should comprehend the different parts engaged with relocation, including inside movement, outer movement, migration and the two exiles and Internally Displaced Persons. During the twentieth century, particularly in the center decades, it was discovered that the number of inhabitants in Southern UK with determination of African American starting point includes multiplied inside a range of 10 years after the Second World War.The populace heightened to a high note and this time the foreigners were there in the district to put their hands on the modern blast. This was clearly not at standard with any single industry like Manchester however the aggregate whole of the gross yield turned out to be very high and the settlements demonstrated the white populace of the region that there was more to music than expected customary themes.These individuals use to accumulate around at the night and introduced their structures to themselves. It was a lackadai sical methodology however individuals like McCartney or Lennon before long discovered that these provincial pinch of music can be cleaned and urbanized to form into another type of melodic genera that was at last to be referred to as Rock ’n’ roll and as these individuals were from littler towns and this part was to collect a large portion of the credit of this new type of music.â (Tyerman, 233-37)The ways of life of the mid 1960’s through the later 1960’s have risen as aftermath of the blasting economy that is spoken to by the age of ‘baby boomers’. The hardship during the times of the Second World War brought forth the most up to date potential methods of reasoning that state it is evident to follow the pattern of open market economy with all its impression of high yielding realism. This hard cored realism and expert life situated demeanor was recently known in the western world however now it came into a boosted structure which humanist allude as a professional dynamic activity against the mass devastation and instability of the last incredible war. The most recent way of thinking was to get however much as could be expected that life brings to the table. Each social perspective changed with it and alongside it changed the world around them.Plays and author were the same. Hues turned out to be progressively energetic and approach turned out to be increasingly ridiculous to stay aware of the general public. Joe Orton's plays were a result of this period. UK and US was prepared for this change and it just required a flash to touch off its totally different melodic sort. This was given by the blessings of gifted artists like Roy Orbison, Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins, John Lennon and Elvis Presley. These individuals were to turn into the pride of the young and the time before long came to be known as the support of Rock ‘n’ roll. (Keeping an eye on, 279)The entertaining side of this methodology was anyway not the same as the essential impression of the ways of life of the mid 1960’s through the later 1960 were an intersection of clashing ways of thinking. As it was referenced before that the possibility of realism was at its had hitting best yet on the other hand the simplicities of eastern methods of reasoning, explicitly Indian ways of thinking, were profoundly acclaimed however it was thought inside a specific gathering of individuals. Subsequently, the artists and the scholars, as least an area of them, who took their motivations from life and society it self, slanted themselves towards the methodology of shortsighted arrangements of workmanship forms.It is a verifiable truth and it has been demonstrated over and over by numerous abstract history specialists and analysts that the principle focused on crowd were the children of post war America who had all the chances to take all the upsides of practically any and each advertising tricks. UK and its music were not a long wa ys behind in this time. The performers of this time required something increasingly energetic and vivid and Rock ’n’ Roll came out as the result of the time.â (Dollard, 116-7)It ought to be recollected this was the period of the start of the ‘cold wars’ as well and interest of the specialists towards the space age race and atomic future was overpowering. Along these lines, clearly the basic demography of the nation began copying the impression of the specialists taking the idea of room age right to their likings. Therefore the melodic planners couldn't be abandoned far. They connected their music with the most recent thingamajigs and introduced the component of Rock ’n’ Roll as new age revolution.The issue was that the new age couldn't perceive themselves with the typical blues and other conventional structures. They needed something solely that is effectively recognizable to them. Rock ‘n’ Roll Music gave that component which incorporated the most recent way to deal with music with more pizazz and colorfulness. This music had more swings and activity and this was what the age of 1960’s needed. The Beat development gave this accurate class of music. (Knott, 188-9)The creative and expanded strategy used between these two decades mirrors a change in society’s contemplations. The decision to change furniture styles mirrors a lot on the enthusiastic status of the time and the need to recuperate from a progression of wrecking occasions. Those staggering occasions included World War II and an enthusiastic crazy ride in the downturn period which created ruin from multiple points of view on the strategies for creation and the monetary framework of the United States and UK. The obliteration required during World War II gave catalyst to the architects from different European nations to escape to the United States and UK for asylum and opportunity of articulation. This is the place the advancement for the new present day style of music was managed.The 1950’s period was in fact an exuberant decade for expressions and innovation where numerous powers developed affecting changes in melodic structure. The push of room travel, the protection business and shopper blasts gave impulse toward expanded impacts of style in way of life structure. Modest yet trendy articles made to be discarded a short time later got stylish for family insides. Young people of the period turned into a solid impact on this time of configuration by assaulting the standards of convention from multiple points of view including inside plan. Creators were charmed and impacted by fantas

Multicultural Education Freedom or Oppression

Multicultural Education Freedom or Oppression Presentation Multicultural instruction is a rising control in training that is intended to give equivalent chances to understudies from various ethnic gatherings, nationality, social-class, and culture. The idea tries to build up instruction framework that empowers the understudies to learn in a pluralistic culture that grasps their diversity.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Multicultural Education: Freedom or Oppression explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the previous decade, researchers have investigated the adequacy of executing multicultural training in various countries. There are developing worries about the viability of the methodology. While a few researchers accept that multicultural instruction encourages mistreatment, others share the notion that is affecting the improvement of opportunity. This paper investigates multicultural instruction with an emphasis on its viability in encouraging opportunity or abuse. Benefits of multicultural training The primary objective of building up the multicultural instruction framework in created countries like the United States is to give a domain that obliges all the individuals from the general public notwithstanding their disparities. Multicultural instruction gives a one of a kind chance to the minority in a general public to get to indistinguishable open doors from the dominant part ethnic gatherings. With the present condition of globalization, individuals from various countries, ethnic foundations, and social convictions settle in similar zones, and they need to get to a similar social conveniences. This has impacted the experts in the territories to create decides that suit the convictions of the various individuals. Training offices have spearheaded the convenience of social decent variety through the disposal of separation and prejudice in their offices. Educational programs are molded in a way that gives reasonableness in learning. The framework centers around educational plans and decides that impact reflection on positive social changes (Jay, 2003). Usage Despite the numerous years that multicultural instruction has been hypothetically present in the educational plan, there is yet to be considerable proof of its execution. Numerous organizations despite everything have multicultural training in the arranging procedure; along these lines, the expected objectives of the idea are yet to be accomplished (Jay, 2003).Advertising Looking for basic composition on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Part of the explanation that has prompted the moderate improvement of multicultural instruction in foundations is the difficulty of transitional procedure from the customary standard information. It is obvious that the degree of school dropouts in the instruction framework is as yet influencing the minority in the general public. This has explicitly influenced the Latino and His panic gatherings in the American culture. Creating multicultural instruction doesn't unravel the fundamental issues in the general public. This disappointment is one of the difficulties that must be met to impact higher participation of school by the minority ethnic gatherings. Social equity gives despite everything win in the American training framework. This issue prevents the usage of the multicultural training thoughts. It is evident that uniformity in the instruction framework is yet to be accomplished notwithstanding the cases that a large portion of the foundations have just executed multicultural training (Khan, 2008). Determination Multicultural training is a marvel created to advance social value in the instruction framework. The objectives of the idea are to impact fairness in the entrance of training and the advancement of a domain that suits the whole society, paying little mind to the decent variety of race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, and social convictions. The execution of the idea is yet to be acknowledged in the American country due to the social difficulties that despite everything frequent the general public. The pace of school dropouts in the general public despite everything stays high among the minority ethnic gatherings. The multicultural instruction idea targets cultivating opportunity in the general public, yet it is yet to wipe out the social abuses present in the general public. The organizations that guarantee to have actualized the multicultural instruction despite everything execute the harsh estimations of the conventional standard training; subsequently, the multicultural training idea is abusive. References Jay, M. (2003). Basic Race Theory, Multicultural Education, and the Hidden Curriculum of Hegemony. Multicultural Perspectives, 5(4), 1-9.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Multicultural Education: Freedom or Oppression explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Khan, M. (2008). M ulticultural training in the United States: reflections. Intercultural training, 19(6), 527-536.

Modern Middle East - Free Essay Example

Urabi Revolt The revolution was led by nationalists in Egypt and occurred from 1879 to 1882. The leader of the revolt was Colonel Urabi Ahmed hence the name Urabi revolt. The main reason for the start of the revolt was to end the French and British influence over Egypt together with the deposing of khedive Tewfik pasha. The uprising was however put to a stop after the bombardment of Alexandria by the British together with the invasion of Egypt that left the country being ruled by foreigners until the wake of the Second World War. Both the khedival and British governments worked up and down to discredit the name of Urabi and his revolution; despite all these efforts, the name Urabi still remained popular among the common people. The government therefore resorted to the use of the education system and media to declare Urabi a traitor and described the revolution as a mere mutiny within the military. The Urabi revolution played a significant role in shaping the anti-colonial nationalism movement in Egypt (Mayer 1988). In fact, Gamel Abdel Nasser referred to the revolt as a glorious struggle by the Egyptians against foreign rule. The revolt is seen as the 1952 revolution precursor. Tanzimat In simple terms, the word Tanzimat means the restructuring of the Ottoman Empire. This period began in 1839 and ended in 1876 during the first constitutional era. During this period, there were numerous attempts to achieve modernization in the empire together with securing the integrity of its territory from nationalist movements and aggressive powers that were mushrooming both internally and externally (Eryilmaz). Due to the diverse ethnicity existing in the kingdom, the reforms advocated basically for Ottomanism among the members; the emancipation of the non-Muslims in the kingdom together with the integration of non-tucks through granting them equal rights within the kingdom and fostering their civil liberties. The reforms mainly originated from sultans such as Abdulmecid I and Mahmud II. These sultans recognized the fact that olden military and religious institutions did not live up to the standards of the empire; many changes were aimed at emulating European practices that they saw to be successful. Among the reforms include; Introduction of paper banknotes in 1840. The first empire post office was opened in 1840. The system of finance was reorganized (1840). The criminal and civil code was also reorganized in 1840. Army reorganization- duration of service, recruitment techniques. Creation of the ottoman flag and anthem in 1844. The first census was conducted together with issuance of identification cards to the people (1844). Abolition of slavery (1847). The reforms generally led to the restructuring of numerous institutions within the empire; everything was updated in line with the ever changing world. This restructuring made the number of bureaucrats within the empire to increase. Dinshaway Incident This incident occurred in 1906 after an outbreak of dispute between the local residents of Dinshaway in Egypt and the British officers. Despite the fact that the incident was not too bad; this is in terms of the injuries and casualties, it has left a long lasting impact on the history of Egypt. In fact, the Dinshaway museum was built in commemoration of this event. The incident occurred after some British officers were spotted hunting down pigeons as a form of recreation. The local residents of Dinshaway were unhappy about the event since they were the ones raising the pigeons which they considered as their source of livelihood. They therefore attacked the officers. One of the officers fired his gun wounding a Muslim prayer leader’s wife. This event provoked the local residents. This was followed by numerous arrests and court sentencing. This event contributed a lot in shaping up the anti-colonials struggle in Egypt especially during the First World War. Young Ottoman Movement Established in 1865, the young ottomans was a secret society movement by intellectuals in the Ottoman Empire who were not happy with the Tanzimat reforms that were taking place in the empire. They believed that the empire could only be transformed through preserving the olden traditions of the empire along with adopting a constitutional government from the European traditions. Despite the fact that most of the time they disagreed when it comes to ideologies, the one thing they all agreed on was the fact that the constitutional government they were trying to adopt should be founded on the basis of Islam; in other words, they sought to emulate certain European government models together with upholding the Islamic way of life the empire was founded upon. Members of the movement include; Ziya Pasha, Ibrahim Sinasi, Agah Effendi and Ali Suavi. Historically, the movement is considered to be one of the earliest movements of modern ideologies among elites within the Ottoman Empire. Moreover, they are considered to be the first people to use the press as an instrument of political criticism. They contributed greatly to the promulgation of the very first constitution in the Ottoman Empire (Zurcher 2014). Muhammad Ali Born in 1942, Muhammad Ali was an American activist and boxer on the international platform. Even after his death in 2016, Muhammad is still considered one of the most celebrated and significant sports personalities of the 20th century. All throughout his career, Ali was considered a polarized, controversial and inspiring person (Hauser 1992). By changing his name from clay to Muhammad Ali, he acted as a good example of racial pride to all the African Americans. Up to date, Ali is considered one of the greatest heavyweight boxers; he is still the reigning three time heavyweight champion. After retirement, Ali dedicated his time to carrying out charity work and religion. In 1999, Ali was among the top 100 most important people of the 20th century according to the time magazine. He was recognized by both president bill Clinton and President George bush. Various streets and malls have been named after this legendary sports person. Moreover, the Muhammad Ali boxing reform act was passed in 2000; the act looked into protecting the welfare and rights of boxers in USA. Reuter concession This was a contract between Baron de Reuter Julius; a British-Jewish businessman and banker and Nasir al-din Shah; the Qajar king of Persia (present day Iran). It was signed in 1872 giving baron control over all Persian mills, the extraction of natural resources, telegraphs, factories and other public activities. In exchange, the Persian government could receive a sum agreed upon for five years and an additional 60% of all the revenue collected for a total of 20 years. The local clergy in Persia were however not happy with the concession; they therefore went ahead to distribute flyers in Tehran claiming that the control of country affairs was being handed over to baron who was a Jew. They also claimed that he was planning to construct a railway through south Tehran which had the holy shrines of the land. They therefore believed all this was the work of the devil in a bid to bring corruption to the land of Muslims. The concession also received external outrage from the Russian governm ent. Due to the intense pressure, Nasir al-din Shah decided to cancel the concession despite the poor financial situation of the country. The British government also refused to offer financial support to Baron which also contributed to the cancellation of the concession; it therefore lasted for only one year. There was however the signing of a second Reuter concession which subsequently led to the birth of the imperial bank of Persia, engineered by Baron Julius D’Arcy Concession This was a petroleum oil concession signed in 1901. It was between Mozzafar al-din of Persia (now Iran) and William D’Arcy. This concession gave William rights to exploit oil in Persia. However, during the process of exploitation, William and his colleagues faced numerous financial problems together with the inability to find stable oil fields. In 1908, they were able to find a large oil reserve but one year later, the concession was taken over by the Anglo-Persian oil company. During this period however, Russia and Great Britain had great rivalry over control of Persia. Both parties believed that controlling Persia could be instrumental to their military and economic interests (Danielson 2007). The British government therefore fully supported the D’Arcy concession with the hope that it could help outpace Russia in the quest for Persia. D’Arcy however faced numerous challenges including hostile terrains together with certain tribes that did not recognize the authority of Mozzafar hence not recognizing the concession. Communities that lived near the mining site had cultures that did not accommodate western ideas and presence. Tobacco concession In March 1890, the shah of Iran entered into a secret agreement with a British company, giving them concession over all the tobacco that existed in Iran. At this time, tobacco was an important commodity in the economy of Iran and therefore, signing the concession granted monopoly to the British company with regard to the exportation, internal sale and growing of the commodity. This therefore†¦

How Operating System Handle Their Process Management

PROCESS MANAGEMENT How operating system handle their process management WINDOWS 7 In windows, memory is managed by the system and metadata about processes is often stored in registry. Each process provide the resources needed execute the program. Each process start with single thread, often called primary thread but can create additional thread of its any thread. In windows you can review the process and control them through task manager. Multitasking Windows support preemptive multitasking, which is create the effect of simultaneous execution of multiple thread from multiple process. Moreover , multiple thread within the same process may be allocated to separate processor and execute simultaneously. Threads states An existing windows thread in one of six states : ïÆ' ¼ Ready: May be scheduled for execution. . The microkernel dispatcher keeps track of all ready threads and schedules them in priority order. ïÆ' ¼ Standby: A standby thread has been chosen to run next on a particular processor. The thread waits in this state until processor is available. If the standby thread s priority is high enough, the running thread on that processor may be preempted in favor of the standby thread. Otherwise, the standby thread waits until the running thread timed out. ïÆ' ¼ Running: The standby thread enters the running state and begins execution and continues execution untilShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cis Memory Management1577 Words   |  7 Pagesto show how memory is used in executing programs and its critical support for applications. C++ is a general purpose programming language that runs programs using memory management. Two operating system environments are commonly used in compiling, building and executing C++ applications. 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The Importance of Architectural Engineering Essay

Architectural engineers can be team leaders because they know how to balance the aesthetics features, and the functionality of buildings. Most engineers are trained only in the technical field, but architectural engineers are trained both in the architectural, and in the technical field. Therefore, they can apply engineering principles, but still appreciate the aesthetic concept of buildings. By applying knowledge of both fields in their projects, they create a balance. According to Jeff Codega, president/ CEO of Jeff Codega Planning/Design, â€Å"it is important in our man-made environments to keep a balance between aesthetics and functionality.† The ability to master both the architectural and engineering field, and keep them in balance is†¦show more content†¦Working in the building industry is a big responsibility that requires a lot of accuracy and detail. Since architectural engineering is a multidiscipline professional, architectural engineers have the authorit y to be the leader of the project’s team. Architectural engineering, as Johnson points out in the article â€Å"Are Software Architects like Building Architects?† is a combination of structural engineering and architecture. Therefore, when designing a building’s engineering system â€Å"[architectural engineers] are expected to be familiar with not only that system, but also with the multiple architectural considerations which may affect its design, installation, and operation† (â€Å"Architectural Engineering†). Because of this broad knowledge, architectural engineers are able to lead the team on the right path, and help avoid unnecessary mistakes that might affect the building’s construction in serious ways. They are able to advise on complex problems within projects, and offer suggestions for resolving them to avoid stagnations. For example, they can advise on areas that need improvement, and manage to develop constructions in the most c ost-effective way. In the construction industry, â€Å"an [architectural engineering] professional, both an architect and engineer, is obliged to act as the leader of a project team due to the greatest possessed knowledge necessary to perceive and produce architectural and engineering designs† (Paranosis andShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Importance of Architectural Engineering1202 Words   |  5 PagesWith the help of architectural engineers, our world has become very civilized and advanced over the past decades. Like all other engineers, architectural engineers use logic and creativity to solve problems. They come up with effective designs to assist people in their everyday tasks. In our daily lives we are surrounded by buildings. Places that were once a dessert are turned into cities that now hold amazing buildings. 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Internet as Management Research Methodology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternet as Management Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction Management research is very important for any type of organization. To perform the organizational activities efficiently and productively, the organizational invest considerable amount of time and capital in management research. Companies conduct management research for many purposes, starting from improvement in organizational culture, testing new products and services, increase in productivity, enhancing sales and customer support services, measuring the effectiveness of the promotional activities and most importantly studying the market competition, threats and opportunities (Fiss, Cambr and Marx 2013). Internet has been chosen as the research method for this essay. The justification for choosing this method is as follows. Over the years, the researchers have used various methods for research, but after the discovery of internet, the process of research has changed significantly. The modern world is dominated by advanced technology and internet is the biggest discovery in this area. Internet has changed the course of the businesses. With globalization and trade liberalization in effect, internet has helped the organizations to expand internationally. It also helped the companies to do external environment analysis before international expansion (Hewson and Stewart 2016). All types of organizations have been improving their technological capability to compete with the world. The internet research method is beneficial in terms of getting all sorts of relevant data in a very short span of time. This research method not only saves time for research, but it also helps in saving the cost of data collection and analysis (Ngai, Tao and Moon 2015). The objective of this paper is to find out the pros and cons of using internet as a research method while applying the other methodologies in a management research study. The scope of internet as a research method is huge. It not only provides the necessary information required for conducting a research, but also throws light on the various techniques that can be applied for conducting the research study by the organizations. In this research paper, various dimensions of internet as a research methodology will be highlighted, which will be followed by the recommendations to apply the internet in the best possible manner for conducting any management research in any organization. Literature review Internet as a research method Internet as a management research method has become extremely popular in the last few decades. It helps the organizations to access huge amount of information for conducting the research on a particular management issue and get the directions to solve that. For any kind research, the researcher must collect data and analyze those applying suitable methods. According to Zikmund et al. (2013), internet offers several different research methods, known as Online Research Methods (ORMs). These are the methods or practices followed by the researchers for relevant data collection for the research study by the using the internet. These are also called the internet research methods. Majority of these research methodologies are enhancement of the existing methodologies by applying the new technologies. Internet has contributed in the re-invention and restructuring of the research methods with the incorporation of the new technology. The world has become smaller with the invention of internet and it has influenced every aspect of life. The growth of the Social Medias has added a new dimension, new level of opportunity and complexity in the education, research and business (Ngai, Tao and Moon 2015). Hence, social media or virtual media has become a very important research field. It provides unique insights to various research studies on the customer and social segments that have a significant influence on the businesses and management of the organizations. Hence, although the management issues are dependent on the type of business, these issues have impact on the business and to solve the issues, research is needed to find out the best possible solutions (McDaniel and Gates 2013). Through the application of various internet research methods, the businesses can do this quite efficiently. Different types of internet research methods are, cyber-ethnography, online focus groups, online content analysis, online interviews, online surveys, social network analysis, online qualitative research, online quantitative research and web based experiments (Bryman 2015). The common factor in all the above research methods is the presence of internet as a research tool. The relevance of using internet can be justified using the following example. An organization in the consumer goods industry wants to expand its sales. For that, it needs to know about the demand of the customers, which will help it to take the decisions about whether it should increase the production of the existing product or it should opt for product differentiation. Hence, this is a management issue of the organization and market research is the best method to know the trend of the market. The organization adopts the online survey method for the research. The survey questionnaire is sent via email to few randomly selected customers, from the CRM database and their responses are also collected via online method. After the responses were collected, the management can perform scientific calculations on the data and can make decisions about the business expansion. It can be said from the above hypothetical situation that, internet has helped the organization immensely during conducting the survey and data collection. They did not have to print questionnaire and meet the customers physically to give it to them. They also did not have to worry about the location of the customers. Emailing the questionnaire has not only reduced the cost and time of the survey, but also the hassle of data collection (McDaniel and Gates 2013). The management of the company can also perform social media analysis to find out the tastes and preferences of the target consumer group via online methods. Hence, the entire research process has been faster and the management of the organization can proceed to rational decisi on making process quite easily and in a quickly manner. Use of internet in secondary research Internet as a research method is immensely beneficial for conducting secondary research. Secondary data are the ones that are collected from already published sources, such as, official websites, online publications, academic journals, books, magazines, newspaper articles and business reports (Hanna 2012). Internet research method is extremely beneficial for collecting secondary data for any research. According to Miorandi et al. (2012), internet enhances the traditional research methodologies. In the traditional methods, any research methodology follows few basic steps of choosing the research philosophy, paradigm, approach, design, sampling techniques, and data collection techniques (Bryman and Bell 2015). In these methods, application of internet plays a significant role in improving the accuracy. The researchers can find huge amount of information on the research methodologies with the help of internet, can apply sampling techniques by using various online tools and can collect r elevant primary and secondary data from various sources. Characteristics of internet as a management research method The characteristics of internet as a research method are quite distinct from the other research methods. Gosling and Mason (2015) state that, internet is one of the best mediums of communication in the technologically advanced era. It provides multiple means of communication and interaction within the community and among the organization located across the globe. For collecting primary data for a research study, the management of the organizations can easily communicate with the respondents, whom are chosen using a suitable sampling technique, via different channels on the internet, such as, email, social media, websites, online newsletters etc. This type of communication is more convenient in terms of time and cost effectiveness. As stated by Hewson and Laurent (2012), the reach of internet is widespread, irrespective of the geographical location and distance. Hence, the researchers do not need to travel to other locations to collect the data for research. With the help of internet, they can access the relevant data for the research study from online libraries, online publications and books, official websites, newspaper articles etc. Internet gives scope to be anonymous and maintain the privacy of personal information and confidentiality of data (Markham 2014). The participation or interaction between the people can remain secret as face to face interaction does not happen. Justification of the usage of internet as a research method In the management research studies, usage of internet is relevant as the technology has become quite advanced. The researchers can adopt either qualitative or quantitative or mixed approach of study, based on the requirement of the paper. Selection of the research philosophy, design, strategy and approach are determined by the topic and research objectives of the study (Roman, Zhou and Lopez 2013). Internet helps the researcher to get information about the available research topics before choosing a particular one. It also helps in getting insights about which approach and strategy to be chosen for the particular research. For the management research studies in the organizational level, the companies often need to do social media analysis to get an idea about the tastes and preferences of the customers and change in the pattern of the market trends (Hewson and Laurent 2012). This research can only be possible to be conducted using internet method, which not only provides the informat ion faster, but also helps to get the precise outcome quicker. Ethical issues in using internet Every research method has some ethical issues and internet is no exception. Conducting a research on a particular topic requires permission from the sources. Even conducting the survey and interviews also require permission from the respondents (Williams 2012). The researcher must agree to the terms and conditions regarding data confidentiality. Internet gives opportunity to the researchers to reach out to the individuals in remote areas where it is impossible to go to conduct the research. With this matter, comes the question of ethical considerations. Determination of safe environment for conducting the research, security and confidentiality of the data, availing the consent of the participants of the surveys and interviews and performing secondary analysis on the archived information are the ethical concerns that the researchers face (NESH 2014). Hence, the researchers must be aware of the laws regarding the ethical usage of internet for research and must follow those rules to the core to maintain the integrity of the research. Another important area of ethics is the originality of the research paper. The plethora of information that is available on the internet often tempts the researcher to copy it without making any changes. The researcher must maintain the originality of the paper. Copying information from other scholars papers or from any other sources without giving proper reference citation is a crime in the educational world and in the management research as well. Hence, even if the researcher is using internet as a management research method, he must mention the source of information in the research paper. Thus, the researchers must address the ethical issues of privacy, recruitment, informed consent, cloud computing and ethics of industry conduced research by following the ethical consideration guidelines (Plato.stanford.edu 2016). Advantages and disadvantages of using internet as a management research method Like any other management research method, internet also has advantages and disadvantages. As mentioned above, easy communication, privacy and confidentiality, and wide range of access are the major advantages of internet as a research method. The other advantages include, the ability to acquire large and more diverse samples, automatically coded data and decreased cost of conducting the research (Markham 2014). There are some disadvantages also about using internet as a research methodology. Firstly, the authenticity of the data cannot always be trusted. Unless it is from an official website, the researcher should not trust any other source which does not have any particular validation or authentication. Secondly, in many cases, the data or the research papers are not available for free of cost. The researcher should pay a price to the online libraries to get access to the paper. Sometimes, it becomes difficult to the researcher to pay to multiple libraries due to lack of financial resources (Miorandi et al. 2012). Thirdly, the researcher faces some potential challenges during conduct of the surveys or interviews. The participants may not reveal the true answers, some may stop answering mid way and come back later, some may not complete the study, some may participate more than once, some may rush through the study and answer incorrectly. All these factors lead to biased responses, leading to undesired outcome or error in the results. Since, the researcher is not going for face-to-face interaction; it is not possible for rectifying the errors in the response patterns. Fourthly, there is risk of hacking and misusing the personal information on the internet, which prevents many from opening the survey mails and click on the link or revealing important details for the survey. Thus, the accuracy of the data and the result sometimes gets compromised due to sampling error and inaccurate responses (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson 2012). Recommendation As observed from the disadvantages of using internet as a research method for the management research, there can be a few ways to overcome the problems. Firstly, the researcher should not rely completely on the information gathered from the internet. Although, internet provides immense opportunity to find the right information as well as methodology for conducting the management research, still it is not reliable to conduct the study with only internet based data. It is always suggested to the researchers that they must use resources gathered from the internet and university libraries. It is easier to cross check the data obtained from the internet with that from the library and this ensures the reliability and authenticity of the data of the internet sources. Secondly, the huge amount of information on the internet can overwhelm the researcher while selecting the topic. Hence, the researchers must narrow down on the topic and must know the research objectives well to direct and limit the search in the right direction. Thirdly, the researchers must know the subject directories and the proper search engines to make specific searches. For conducting a well read study, the researchers must access the high quality peer reviewed articles by other scholars. These can be accessed from many good online libraries that contain the highly acclaimed papers. For that, proper keyword is required which would save a lot of time and effort of the researchers during the research. Fourthly, some precautions should be taken during conduction surveys and interviews over the internet. Some technical measures can be taken to remove duplicates in the data or making the questions mandatory for submitting the responses in a survey. It is also recommended that the researchers must keep a margin of error while doing the quantitative calculations on the obtained numerical data. Regarding qualitative research, the analysis should be validated by ensuring the authenticity of the sources and the methods applied. Conclusion Qualitative as well as quantitative study of the online research method is expected to change due to the emergence of new technologies and the abilities of the researchers to reinvent or explore the methodological approaches in the interactions related to the internet. There is huge scope in using the internet as a research method in the management studies or in the organizational activities. Regarding obtaining information through primary and secondary data collection from different types of sources and analyzing those keeping the ethical issues addressed, the researchers can exploit the internet for a high quality management research. Whether the research follows inductive or deductive method, qualitative or quantitative approach, internet offers the any advantages due to technological advancement. However, the researchers must consider the ethical issues and must apply appropriate techniques to handle the disadvantages of using internet as a research method. Hence, it can be said that, in the modern world, without using internet, a research study cannot be completed and the researchers must use it responsibly to produce a high quality research paper. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Fiss, P.C., Cambr, B. and Marx, A. eds., 2013.Configurational theory and methods in organizational research. Emerald Group Publishing. Gosling, S.D. and Mason, W., 2015. Internet research in psychology.Annual review of psychology,66. Hanna, P., 2012. Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: A research note.Qualitative Research,12(2), pp.239-242. Hewson, C. and Laurent, D., 2012. Research design and tools for internet research.Sage Internet research methods,1. Hewson, C. and Stewart, D.W., 2016.Internet research methods. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Markham, A. N., 2014.Internet Research. [ebook] Available at: https://annettemarkham.com/writing/silverman2011draft.pdf [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018]. McDaniel, C. and Gates, R., 2013.Marketing research. Singapore. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F. and Chlamtac, I., 2012. Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges.Ad hoc networks,10(7), pp.1497-1516. NESH, 2014.Ethical Guidelines for Internet Research. [ebook] National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH). Available at: https://www.etikkom.no/globalassets/documents/english-publications/ethical-guidelines-for-internet-research.pdf [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018]. Ngai, E.W., Tao, S.S. and Moon, K.K., 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks.International Journal of Information Management,35(1), pp.33-44. Plato.stanford.edu, 2016.Internet Research Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). [online] Plato.stanford.edu. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-internet-research/#Pri [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018]. Roman, R., Zhou, J. and Lopez, J., 2013. On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things.Computer Networks,57(10), pp.2266-2279. Williams, S. G., 2012.The Ethics of Internet Research. [online] Ojni.org. Available at: https://ojni.org/issues/?p=1708 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018]. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.